The first Siddis are thought to have arrived in India in 628 AD at the Bharuch port. We go back in time and explore the ruins of a once grand fortified city in Vasai which today is lost and forgotten. The Murud – Janjira Fort is the prime highlight of this tourist hotspot. On 19 April 1736, Maratha warrior Chimaji Appa attacked the gathering forces in the encampments of the Siddis near Rewas. Each day, Live History India brings you stories and films that not only chronicle India’s history and heritage for you, but also help create a digital archive of the 'Stories that make India' for future generations. [35], A plurality of the Siddis in Karnataka follow Hinduism (41.8%), followed by Islam (30.6%) and Christianity (27.4%). Around 14% of Siddis from Karnataka and 35% of Siddis from Gujarat also belonged to the Sub-Saharan B-M60. [24] The Siddi are recognized as a scheduled tribe in 3 states and 1 union territory: Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka and Daman and Diu.[25]. Several others followed with the first Arab Islamic conquest of the subcontinent in 712 AD. Siddis are Sunni Muslims who are from Said tribe and hence they are known as Siddis. A former alternative name of Janjira was Habshan (i.e., land of the Habshis). [26][27][28] [32] The Goma also has a spiritual significance and, at the climax of the dance, some dancers are believed to be vehicles for the presence of Siddi saints of the past.[33]. For instance, Siddi women wear colorful saris and don bindis. Murud is the nearest town to the fort which is located at about 165 kms from Mumbai. Murud is a Marathi word for the Siddis, an ethnic group originating from Abyssinia, a historical nation in modern day Ethiopia. [54], Similarly, Shah et al. When it comes to dress, women and men dress in typical Indian fashion. On 19 April 1736, Maratha warrior Chimaji Appa attacked the gathering forces in the encampments of the Siddis near Rewas. SHARE . In the local culture, when there is a dance it is not performed by some selected few and watched idly by others but it is participated by all the people present there, ending difference between the performers and the audience. A king of Ahmadnagar had had enough of his manipulative mother & conniving nobles, so he took a sabbatical. Memorials of Sovereignty: Funerary Architecture of the Siddis of Janjira at Khokri (Maharashtra) Arts Asiatiques, vol 74 (2019), pp. In the 18th century, a Siddi community was established in Hyderabad State by the Arab Siddi diaspora, who have frequently served as cavalry guards to the Asif Jahi Nizam of Hyderabad's army. [51], Qamar et al. Some Siddis escaped slavery to establish communities in forested areas, and some also established the small Siddi principalities of Janjira State on Janjira Island and Jafarabad State in Kathiawar as early as the twelfth century. (2011) examined the autosomal DNA of Siddis in India. Janjira Fort, Maharashtra. [5][47] Tanzeela Qambrani became the first Sheedi woman to be elected as the member of Provincial Assembly of Sindh in 2018 Pakistani general election.[48][49]. A B S T R A C T Janjira - The Undefeated Fort Janjira Fort is situated on the Murud beach in the Arabian sea along the Konkan coast line. How did a young boy sold as a slave in Ethiopia rise and become so powerful in India? Later the Siddi population was added to via Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that had been brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by the Portuguese. [10] Siddis are also sometimes referred to as Afro-Indians. In the year 1736, Siddis of Murud-Janjira set out in a battle with the forces of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao. The fort of Murud Janjira stands testimony to tell tales of the small yet powerful citadel of the Siddis. It is famous for being the only fort along India's western coast that remained undefeated despite Maratha, Dutch and English East India Company attacks. One theory is that the word derives from sahibi, an Arabic term of respect in North Africa, similar to the word sahib in modern India and Pakistan. Siddis first came to Janjira as traders in the fifteenth century, and from 1621 until the merger of all princely states into the Indian Union in March 1948, Janjira was ruled by a Siddi family dynasty. [7] Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are Hindus and others belong to the Catholic Church. [38] Some glimpses of the rituals at Sidi/Sheedi Festival 2010 include visit to sacred alligators at Mangho pir, playing music and dance. The Siddi (pronounced [sɪd̪d̪i]), also known as Sidi, Siddhi, Sheedi or Habshi, are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. There are conflicting hypotheses on the origin of the name Siddi. July 30th 2020 follow. These include the Goma music and dance form, which is sometimes called Dhamaal (Gujarati: ધમાલ, fun). [37] In the city of Karachi, the main Sheedi centre is the area of Lyari and other nearby coastal areas. Bassein: The Forgotten City. The latter mainly consisted of L0 and L2a sublineages associated with Bantu women. It was ruled by Abyssinian Muslims called – SIDDI. According to the researchers, about 58% of the Siddis' ancestry is derived from Bantu peoples. The best thing about this fort is that it is surrounded by water on all sides and that is why is also referred to as Island Fort. [39] Clearly, the instrument, songs and dance appear to be derived from Africa.[40]. [10], Similarly, another term for Siddis, habshi, is held to be derived from the common name for the captains of the Northeast African Abyssinian ships that also first delivered Siddi slaves to the subcontinent. The princely state of Janjira fluttered its red flag with the crescent moon until India won independence in 1947 and merged all the princely states with the union by the following year. [57] Like other ethnic groups separated by geography, there are both differences and similarities in cultural practices among the Siddi. These captains were known as Sayyid. "[45], Sheedis are largely populated in different towns and villages in lower Sindh. According to the authors, the genome-wide ancestry of the Makrani was essentially the same as that of the neighboring Indo-European speaking Balochi and Dravidian-speaking Brahui.[55]. The African Siddis of Janjira LHI Team. Similarly, another term for Siddis, habshi (from Al-Habsh, the Arabic term for Abyssinia), is held to be derived from the common na… On the way to Deva-dungar is the quaint village of Sirvan, inhabited entirely by Siddis. [9] A second theory is that the term Siddi is derived from the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to India; these captains were known as Sayyid. 00:00. (2002) analysed Makrani Siddis in Pakistan and found that they instead predominantly carried Indian-associated or Near Eastern-linked haplogroups. Malik Ambar - The Deccan’s African Defender | Tales & Trails 00:00. Generally, the Siddi primarily associate and marry members of their own communities. Although this is disputed, he may also have been her lover, but contemporary sources do not indicate that this was necessarily the case.[19]. Located 50 k.m. (2011) tested Siddi individuals in India for paternal lineages. One theory is that the word derives from sahibi, a Arabic term of respect in North Africa, similar to the word sahib in modern India and Pakistan. Janjira Fort or the Janjira Jal-durg is one of the most impressive structures located in the Indian state of Maharashtra. An architectural beauty in the Arabian sea, off the coast of Murud, the fort is about 50 feet high. The Sheedis are divided into four clans, or houses: Kharadar Makan, Hyderabad Makan, Lassi Makan and Belaro Makan. (2009) likewise detected a relatively high frequency of R1a1a-M17 (25%) subclade among Makrani Siddis. Qasim Umer is one cricketer who played for Pakistan in 80s. Several others followed with the first Arab Islamic conquest of the subcontinent in 712 AD. [5] There is a 50,000-strong Siddhi population across India, of which more than a third live in Karnataka. [30], Although Gujarati Siddis have adopted the language and many customs of their surrounding populations, some of their Bantu traditions have been preserved. In Karnataka, they are concentrated around Yellapur, Haliyal, Ankola, Joida, Mundgod and Sirsi taluks of Uttara Kannada and in Khanapur of Belgaum and Kalaghatagi of Dharwad district. [6] The estimated population of Sheedis in Pakistan is 250,000. Ratnagiri Petroglyphs: A Window into the Past. Janjira Fort is a few hours' journey from Mumbai's Gateway of India pier. Even though the Portuguese and the British tried their best to capture the Janjira Fort, they were unable to defeat the Siddis. [5], Narang et al. About 53% of the Siddis from Gujarat and 24% of the Siddis from Karnataka belonged to various Bantu-derived macro-haplogroup L subclades. The Siddis were brought to India almost 500 years ago as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. [8], There are conflicting hypotheses on the origin of the name Siddi. Some Siddis also came as merchants but most of them worked as slaves and since then remained in India as part of the African diaspora. It also had high economic importance as the traders had to pay large amounts to pass by this fort. [53], According to an mtDNA study by Shah et al. ", "Habshis and Siddis – Africans and African descendants in South Asia", The Global African Community/Great Habshis in Ethiopian/Indian History, "South Asia's Africans: A Forgotten People", BBC "In pictures: India's African communities", https://web.archive.org/web/20070115035750/http://travel.expressindia.com/story/20499.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siddi&oldid=994214081, Articles with dead external links from March 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sidi Sayyid, credited with the building of the, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 17:06. After their conversion to Islam, the African freedmen of India, originally called Habshi from the Arabic, called themselves Sayyad (descendants of Muhammad) and were consequently called Siddis. The Janjira Fort was initially made up of small wooden structure in the 15th Century. While they have assimilated in many ways to the dominant culture,[56] they have also kept some ancestral practices especially in music and dance. [50], Thangaraj (2009) observed similar, mainly Bantu-linked paternal affinities amongst the Siddi. The authors observed the E1b1a1-M2 haplogroup, which is frequent among Bantu peoples, in about 42% and 34% of Siddis from Karnataka and Gujarat, respectively. [5] The Siddi population is currently estimated at around 270,000–350,000 individuals, with Karnataka, Gujarat and Hyderabad in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan[6] as the main population centres. In Sindh, the Sheedis have traditionally intermarried only with people such as the Mallahs (fisherpeople), Khaskheli (laborers), Khatri (dyeing community) and Kori (clothmakers). The Nawab of Sachin and Janjira. Fortified to the teeth, the structure could never be conquered by the Marathas, the Portuguese, or the British; in spite of their numerous attempts. The musical anthem of the ruling Pakistan Peoples Party, "Bija Teer", is a Balochi song in the musical style of the Sheedis with Black African style rhythm and drums. Created with Sketch. Some Siddis escaped slavery to establish communities in forested areas, and some even established small Siddi principalities on Janjira Island and at Jaffrabad as early as the twelfth century. [29] [23] Historically, Siddis have not existed only within binary relations to the nation state and imperial forces. Fig. Malik Ambar recruited many Siddis in the 16th century, but historical references of their presence in India can be found from the 15th century. Abstract and Figures Murud Janjira is a good example of water body fort located near the south Konkan coastline. [20][21], Harris (1971) provides an historical survey of the eastward dispersal of slaves from Southeast Africa to places like India. Famous Sheedis include the historic Sindhi army leader Hoshu Sheedi[41] and Urdu poet Noon Meem Danish. A former alternative name of Janjira was Habshan (i.e., land of the Habshis). So Murud-Janjira essentially means “island of the Siddis”. The first Siddis are thought to have arrived in India in 628 AD at the Bharuch port. [9] The Nizam of Hyderabad also employed African-origin guards and soldiers. [62], Athletics has been an important part of the Siddi community and has been a means to uplift youth and a means of escape from poverty and discrimination. Owing to the castle's fortifications, the Admiral could not attack conventionally. A second theory is that the term Siddi is derived from the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to India. A Y-chromosome study by Shah et al. Two Siddi soldiers wielding swords with a ship in the background became the sigil of Siddis of Janjira. More recent focused scholarship argues that although Siddis are numerically a minority, their historic presence in India for over five hundred years, as well as their self-perception, and how the broader Indian society relates to them, make them a distinct Bantu/Indian. Janjira was strategically a very important and impregnable fort in the Arabian Sea, with cannons embedded all around. According to the authors, gene flow between the Siddis' Bantu ancestors and local Indian populations was also largely unidirectional. In the Delhi Sultanate period prior to the rise of the Mughals in India, Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut was a prominent Siddi slave-turned-nobleman who was a close confidant of Razia Sultana (1235–1240 CE). It has been reported that these Siddis believe that Barack Obama shares their genepool.They wished to gift him and honour him on his visit to India in 2010. They live primarily along the Makran in Balochistan, and lower Sindh. Guards (African Cavalry Guards) area near Masjid Rahmania, known locally as Siddi Risala in the city Hyderabad. The word "morod" is peculiar to Konkani and is absent in Marathi. Recent advances in genetic analyses have helped shed some light on the ethnogenesis of the Siddi. Many members of the Siddis community of Karnataka had migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Sindh. In the year 1736, Siddis of Murud-Janjira set out in a battle with the forces of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao. A former alternative name of Janjira was Habshan (i.e., land of the Habshis). Since then Murud Janjira Fort became the stronghold of Siddis. [58] It is rare for the Siddi to marry outside of their communities although in Pakistan a growing number of the Sheedi (as they are known there) intermarry as a way to dilute their African lineage and reduce racial discrimination and prejudice. Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from our team. [11][12][13] Siddis were referred to as Zanji by Arabs; in China, various transcriptions of this Arabic word were used, including Xinji (辛吉) and Jinzhi (津芝).[14][15][16][17]. They were brought 300 years ago from Portuguese colonial territories for the Nawab of Junagadh. But, an example of a staple meal would be a large portions of rice with dal and pickles. Supposedly presented as slaves by the Portuguese to the local Prince, Nawab of Junagadh, the Siddis also live around Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife sanctuary. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants, slaves and mercenaries. Technically, the Sheedi are a brotherhood or a subdivision of the Siddi. Descendants of these dynasty’s still survive today. Is it far into the sea? The State of Bengal was ruled by Ethiopians for three years before being defeated and two Princely State’s, Janjira and Sachin in Western India controlled hundreds of miles of coastline for centuries. name="dawn.com">Paracha, Nadeem (26 August 2018), Arab Islamic conquest of the subcontinent, "Smokers’ corner: Sindh's African roots ", "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix", Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, "Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture", "Another face of Hyderabad - Times of India", "Black Sufis: Preserving the Siddi's and its age old culture in India", http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14/ST-24-00-014-DDW-2011.XLS, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14/ST-29-00-014-DDW-2011.XLS, "Manghopir urs a living tribute to Sheedi culture", "Sheedi basha hum basha: black people dance away sorrows", "Sheedis have been hurt most by attitudes", Tanzeela Qambrani: First Sheedi woman to become member of Sindh Assembly, Tanzeela to be first Sheedi woman to enter Sindh Assembly, "Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan", "Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a", "Recent Admixture in an Indian Population of African Ancestry", "Implications for health and disease in the genetic signature of the Ashkenazi Jewish population", http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20160801-indias-forgotten-jungle-dwellers, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/04/siddi-people-africa-india-tribe-culture/, https://www.thebetterindia.com/93626/india-racism-siddi-african/, https://qz.com/india/440978/meet-the-fast-disappearing-community-of-indians-and-pakistanis-of-african-origin/amp/, "Racing for a better future: The African-origin tribe in K'taka that's turning to sports", "How These African-Indians Can Bring Gold Medals For The Country In Next Olympics", "Bengaluru Man Helps Karnataka's Siddi Tribe Smash Stigma with Sports! 00:00. But Siddis in Karnataka are primarily Catholics, possibly influenced by their Portuguese and Goan masters. Murud is a village in Raigad district, south to Alibagh in the state of Maharashtra. They estimate this admixture episode's time of occurrence at within the past 200 years or eight generations. [36], In Pakistan, locals of Bantu descent are called "Sheedi". [38] The Sufi saint Pir Mangho is regarded by many as the patron saint of the Sheedis, and the annual Sheedi Mela festival, is the key event in the Sheedi community's cultural calendar. Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of Southeast Africa. It was the capital town of the Siddis of Janjira. [63][64][65], African ethnic group in India and Pakistan, This article is about the South Asian ethnic group. It also denotes any dancing occasion where traditional drums are principally used. Learning their lessons early on, the Marathas formulated and enhanced their maritime policies. They are calling it India’s ‘Lost Civilization’... but is it really? The place is full of coconut and betel nut trees and has a nice and prosperous seashore. They came to be known by the name of Siddis or Habshis (Ethiopians or Abyssinians). [59], Siddi communities, although classified as a tribe by the Indian government (in order to receive benefits), primarily live in agricultural communities where men are responsible for the farming and women are responsible for the home and children. [44] Younis Jani is a popular Sheedi singer famous for singing an Urdu version of the reggaeton song "Papi chulo... (te traigo el mmmm...). (2012) observed few genetic differences between the Makrani of Pakistan and adjacent populations. Genetic genealogy, although a novel tool that uses the genes of modern populations to trace their ethnic and geographic origins, has also helped clarify the possible background of the modern Siddi. When the confrontation ended, 1,500 Siddis, including their … Janjira is considered one of the strongest marine forts in India. The word Janjira is not native to India, and may have originated after the Arabic word Jazeera, which means an island. The state of Janjira is noted as being among the smallest of the princely States in Menon’s “The Story of Integration of … The Marathas had earlier tried conquering Janjira but failed. 1. When the confrontation ended, 1,500 Siddis, including their leader Siddi Sat, were killed. (2011) observed that Siddis in Gujarat derive 66.90%–70.50% of their ancestry from Bantu forebears, while the Siddis in Karnataka possess 64.80%–74.40% such Southeast African ancestry. Some Siddis escaped slavery to establish communities in forested areas, and some also established the small Siddi principalities of Janjira State on Janjira Island and Jafarabad State in Kathiawar as early as the twelfth century. Janjira also known as Murud-janjira is a unique Jal-Durg (sea Fort) built by an Abssynian minister Malik Ambar of the Sultan of Ahmednagar who belonged to the Nizamshahi dynasty. As was the practice of many Islamic dynasties, the Siddis of Janjira also built their own tombs, with Siddi Surul Khan, the Wazir of Janjira State from 1707 – 1732, the most prominent. Murud is not a big village but it is famous for the Island Fort of Murud-Janjira. [34], The Siddis of Karnataka (also spelled Siddhis) are an ethnic group of mainly Bantu descent that has made Karnataka their home for the last 400 years. The word Janjira is a corruption of the Arabic word “Jazeera”, which means an island. According to one legend, in the year 1489 the Ahmadnagar Sultanate sent its Admiral Piram Khan (of Ethiopian descent) with orders to capture the Murud-Janjira castle from Ram Patil. Goma music comes from the Kiswahili word "ngoma", which means a drum or drums. The term ‘Siddi’ is derived from North Africa, where it was used as a term of respect. This silver Ankushi rupee was struck in the name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II minted under the dominions of the Siddis of Janjira. Do I approach it by boat? The latter group are believed to have been soldiers with Muhammad bin Qasim's Arab army, and were called Zanjis. Several former slaves rose to high ranks in the military and administration, the most prominent of which was Malik Ambar. The coastal village of Murud siddis of janjira the Siddi had high economic importance as the traders had to large., Lassi Makan and Belaro Makan a battle with the forces of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao they did simply. Primarily Muslims, although some are Hindus and others belong to the Catholic Church some are Hindus and belong! Indian-Specific subclades of the Habshis ) it comes to dress, women and men dress in Indian... 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